Dakar, 11 Septembre 2025(JVFE)-Initialement prévu le 9 août 2025 à Bangui, le sommet extraordinaire de la CEMAC à la demande du Gabon, pour assurer la participation de tous les États membres
La 16ème Conférence des Chefs d’État et de Gouvernement de la CEMAC s’est tenue ce 10 septembre 2025 à Bangui, sous le signe de l’intégration régionale et de la relance économique.
Le communiqué conclut que « la reprogrammation du sommet vise à assurer la continuité institutionnelle et à renforcer l’intégration économique et monétaire sous-régionale », en particulier à travers la passation de la présidence tournante de la CEMAC entre la République centrafricaine et la République du Congo.
L’ordre du jour de cette conférence des chefs d’États de la Communauté économique et monétaire de l’Afrique centrale (Cémac) reflète les priorités régionales en Afrique centrale : renforcer la mobilisation des ressources intérieures, assurer une gouvernance transparente, et préparer les grandes orientations stratégiques de l’intégration communautaire.
Les points cruciaux abordés lors de cette session figurent la passation de la présidence tournante de la CEMAC entre la République centrafricaine et la République du Congo, une étape importante pour la continuité institutionnelle et les progrès de l’intégration régionale.
Le Président Paul Biya, n’a pas fait le déplacement, mais il est représenté par son chef de la diplomatie, Lejeune Mbella Mbella.
Les travaux se sont articulés autour de deux enjeux majeurs : l’accélération du processus d’intégration régionale et la relance économique post-crise, dans un contexte marqué par les défis sécuritaires, monétaires et commerciaux. Cette session a été marquée par la passation de la présidence tournante de la CEMAC entre le président centrafricain Faustin Archange Touadéra et son homologue congolais Denis Sassou-Nguesso à la tête de l’institution.
Ce rendez-vous est le premier depuis la conférence extraordinaire de décembre 2024 et veut s’attaquer aux dérapages budgétaires dans la région.
À l’origine d’importants dérapages budgétaires et la détérioration générale des finances sur lesquels alertaient le FMI, les mesures prises ou à prendre autour de cette question devraient être au cœur des discussions.
« Les résolutions qui avaient été prises, c’était de s’assurer de la stabilité de ces économies-là, en prenant justement des mesures au niveau des finances publiques, de contrôler les dépenses, et si possible, d’améliorer les recettes, analyse Djimadoum Mandekor, économiste tchadien, ancien directeur au siège de la Banque des États de l’Afrique centrale. Il y avait également des questions sur la stabilité du système bancaire. Et par ailleurs, la question de la gouvernance des institutions concernées : la BÉAC, la commission bancaire, afin d’assurer leur indépendance et d’éviter un financement trop important des États. »
L’autre problématique, c’est la baisse drastique des réserves de change. Pour Djimadoum Mandekor, la question du rapatriement des avoirs des entreprises pétrolières et minières, actée, mais pas appliquée, devrait être de nouveau évoquée.
« Ces entreprises, notamment américaines, n’ont pas voulu se dessaisir de ces réserves-là. Elles ont dû faire intervenir le président Trump, qui a dû indiquer être prêt à faire pression sur le FMI pour que cette mesure-là soit abandonnée. Or, nous sommes aujourd’hui en septembre. Cette mesure qui aurait dû être prise par la Banque centrale de rapatrier ces réserves-là, ou de conclure des accords avec les entreprises pétrolières pour rapatrier ses ressources dans la zone et à les placer sous son contrôle, il n’y a pas eu de suite qui a été donnée officiellement. Donc, cela sera peut-être l’occasion d’indiquer une position de la Cémac sur cette question-là », explique-t-il.
La question de l’intégration régionale reste un défi pour la Cémac, tant sur le plan des infrastructures que sur la persistance de barrières physiques et administratives.
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